新SAT阅读中常见的几种关系

　　众所周知，SAT或ACT考试成绩在美国大学申请中占有一定的地位，尽管美国的大学并不是唯分数论，但是对于要求提供SAT或ACT考试成绩的学校来说，申请者如果能取得较好的SAT或ACT成绩就会为申请增加成功的砝码。

　　SAT2，亦称SATII，或SAT Subject，是美国大学录取应届高中生时采用的学业水平考试。SAT2考试采用全球统一试卷，因此其成绩具有全球可比性，是衡量不同地区学生的学业水平的重要参考，在录取实际操作过程中往往替代高中成绩单。不同于SAT的综合能力测试，SAT2是一种专项水平测试，考察学生某一科目的水平。目前SAT2的科目分为数学、科学、语言、英语、历史与社会科学五大类。其中数学类有数学一和数学二两门，科学类有物理、化学、生物三门，语言类有法语、德语、西班牙语、中文、日语、韩语、希伯莱语、拉丁语等十二门，英语类只有英语文学一门;历史与社会科学类有美国历史和世界历史两门。以上加起来共计二十门考试。目前北美地区每年有7次考试，分别在1月，3月，5月，6月，10月，11月，12月的第一个周六;世界其他地区3月没有考试，其他6次考试时间与北美相同。

　　SAT2在考取美国高中时不是必须的，有些好的大学也不要求，但是如果不考SAT2高中毕业想申请好的大学时就会受到很大限制。

　　SAT1和SAT2的总分分别是多少?SAT1和SAT2的总分都是2400分，SAT1写作阅读数学三门各800分，SAT2也是三门自选各800分。

　　在SAT改革之后，新SAT阅读考试的难度大大提升了。新SAT阅读考试题型主要分为对文本信息、文章写作技巧和综合考察三大类型，其中有一种非常重要的题型叫Understanding relationship，我们暂且把它称之为“关系题”。下面小编将为大家详细介绍新SAT阅读关系题的识别方法和破解技巧，希望对大家的阅读考试有所帮助。

　　在新SAT阅读关系题主要考察的是原文中所提及的事件、原文中提及或引用过的人物，以及观点之间的因果，对比，递进等关系。另外，就是在paired passage中，也会经常考两篇文章中的ideas 或者是topics之间的关系。在新SAT阅读题干中常出现的关系词是：“What is relationship…”“connects with”“related to”“caused by”等，当出现这些词汇的时候，我们就应该判定此题考察的是关系题。

　　在新SAT阅读中常见的几种关系：

　　1) Cause-and effect/sequence(因果/顺序关系)

　　These relationships are generally chronological in nature - perhaps a new technology has built on the innovations of previous technology, or a lawsuit cited in the passage came about as a result of a certain crime committed.

　　主要考察事情的前因后果以及发展先后顺序。

　　2)Comparison-contrast(对比/类比关系)

　　While trying to argue a point, an author may bring in another idea to either provide contrast or show similarity. Are these two things alike in any way? Or are they completely different? Do they support or refute the other?

　　主要考察两个观点之间的异同，二者是互为支持还是相互排斥。

　　3)Adding support(支撑关系)

　　Especially after the author makes some sort of claim, the passage will often offer evidence to support the claim. This may include citing a study or quoting an expert whose opinions agree with the author.

　　考察研究或者专家观点对作者观点的支撑关系。

　　4)Personal relationship(人物关系)

　　These relationships are between people mentioned in the passage. Are these two people related, or are they coworkers? Do they have similar views, or is the author showing us the difference betweentheir viewpoints?

　　考察人物身份关系以及二者所持观点的异同。

　　那么我们知道SAT阅读关系题之后，我们应该怎样破解SAT阅读关系题呢?下面小编将通过两道真题来为大家详细介绍：

　　真题一

　　Antipathy is the only word which can express the 35 feeling Edward Crimsworth had for me—a feeling, in a great measure, involuntary, and which was liable to be excited by every, the most trifling movement, look, or word of mine. My southern accent annoyed him; the degree of education evinced in my language 4〇 irritated him; my punctuality, industry, and accuracy, fixed his dislike, and gave it the high flavour and poignant relish of envy; he feared that I too should one day make a successful tradesman.

　　Had I been in anything interior to him> he would not 45 have hated me so thoroughly, but I knew all that he knew, and, what was worse, he suspected that I kept the padlock of silence on mental wealth in which he was no sharer. If he could have once placed me in a ridiculous or mortifying position, he would have so forgiven me much, but I was guarded by three faculties—Caution, Tact, Observation; and prowling and prying as was Edward's malignity, it could never baffle the lynx-eyes of these, my natural sentinels. Day by day did his malice watch my tact, hoping it 55 would sleep, and prepared to steal snake-like on its slumber; but tact, if it be genuine, never sleeps.

　　The passage indicates that Edward Crimsworth's behavior was mainly caused by his

　　A) impatience with the narrator's high spirits.

　　B) scorn of the narrator^ humble background.

　　C) indignation at the narrator's rash actions.

　　D) jealousy of the narrator^ apparent superiority.

　　真题一解析：

　　根据题干可以看出，本题考察的是因果关系。从原文可以看出，Crimsworth之所以不喜欢原文中的narrator，是因为Crimsworth感觉自己比narrator低人一等，因为narrator的智识和专业能力过人，也许会在某一天成为“a successful tradesman”(line 43)。所以D才是最正确的答案，原文中并没有说narrator “high spirits” 或是“rash actions,”，也没有说narrator的“humble background”， A，B，C答案均不符合题意。

　　真题二

　　We ask woman's enfranchisement, as the first step toward the recognition of that essential element in government that can only secure the health，strength， and prosperity of the nation. Whatever is done to lift 65 woman to her true position will help to usher in a new day of peace and perfection for the race.

　　In speaking of the masculine element, I do not wish to be understood to say that all men are hard, selfish, and brutal, for many of the most beautiful 7〇 spirits the world has known have been clothed with manhood; but I refer to those characteristics, though often marked in woman, that distinguish what is called the stronger sex. For example, the love of acquisition and conquest, the very pioneers of 75 civilization, when expended on the earth, the sea, the elements, the riches and forces of nature, are powers of destruction when used to subjugate one man to another or to sacrifice nations to ambition.

　　Here that great conservator of woman's love, if 80 permitted to assert itself, as it naturally would in freedom against oppression, violence, and war, would hold all these destructive forces in check, for woman knows the cost of life better than man does, and not with her consent would one drop of blood 85 ever be shed, one life sacrificed in vain.

　　The sixth paragraph (lines 67-78) is primarily concerned with establishing a contrast between

　　A) men and women.

　　B) the spiritual world and the material world.

　　C) bad men and good men.

　　D) men and masculine traits.

　　真题二解析：

　　本题考察的是对比/类比关系。从原文来看，Stanton将男人和男性特征做了一番对比。在原文第69-80行，他提到男人争强好胜的性格特征是为了征服别人，换句话说，男性的这些性格特征给男人赋予了权力结构的定位。所以D是最佳答案，这一段作者讨论的重点并非男女抑或物质世界和精神世界的对比，也不是讨论“好男人”的标准，所以A，B，C答案不是最佳答案。

　　综上，我们可以看出破解SAT阅读关系题只需四步即可完成：首先我们需要在原文中找到题干所涉及的观点、事件或人物;其次根据上述提供的关系，判断观点、事件、人物二者的关系;排除不符合原文所描述的关系的干扰项;最后我们就能锁定最佳答案了。

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